At first glance Dewi pulang exemplifies the blurred meaning of independence in Indonesian screen production: while sponsored by the government’s Pusat Pengembangan Perfilman (Film Development Centre) and not especially politically radical, it is a rich cultural text and bears many hallmarks of typical indie cinema that deals with quotidian subject matter. To reassess the meaning of independence in Indonesian screen production, this essay takes as its entry point Candra Aditya’s 2016 short film Dewi pulang (Dewi goes home).
Arguably, the meaning of independence has become more blurred and complicated (Ortner 2012).
Now, however, independence is normalized, turned into a marketing label or a ‘genre’ akin to art cinema, often accompanied by an orientation towards international film festivals. Independence was used to assert autonomy of the creator free from dictates of state and big business, while creating work true to the creator’s intent and vision. During the Reformasi years (1998–2005), it was easier to identify independent filmmakers and their films due to their deliberate self-identification, their political stance, and their adopted modes of production (Sasono 2020). Looking over developments in the Indonesian screen industries since Reformasi, it is hard to identify who or what is independent these days, given that many previously ‘independent’ filmmakers now work with large production companies and no longer see the state as a target of opprobrium.
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